All 68 Ham Radio Technician questions for T1 Commission's Rules with the correct answers marked and a short explanation for each, from the official 2026-2030 question pool. Test yourself with the free practice exam.
T1A01 · [97.1]
Which of the following is part of the Basis and Purpose of the Amateur Radio Service?
A. Providing personal radio communications for as many citizens as possible
B. Providing communications for international contesting
C. Advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art ✓
D. All these choices are correct
Why: Per §97.1, one stated purpose of amateur radio is advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art. Personal communications for the public is the role of services like CB or FRS, and contesting is an activity, not a stated purpose.
T1A02 · [97.1]
Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States?
A. ARRL
B. Homeland Security
C. The FCC ✓
D. All these choices are correct
Why: The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) writes and enforces the Part 97 rules governing amateur radio in the US. The ARRL is a private membership organization that advocates for hams but has no regulatory authority.
T1A03 · [97.119(b)(2)]
What do the FCC rules state regarding the use of a phonetic alphabet for station identification in the Amateur Radio Service?
A. It is required when transmitting emergency messages
B. It is encouraged when using phone emissions ✓
C. It is required when in contact with foreign stations
D. All these choices are correct
Why: Per §97.119(b)(2), the FCC encourages, but does not require, use of a standard phonetic alphabet when identifying by voice. Phonetics like 'Kilo Foxtrot One' make call signs much easier to copy correctly.
T1A04 · [97.23]
How do you receive official notification of your new license and call sign after passing the exam?
A. Email from the FCC with a link to download the license grant ✓
B. USPS First-Class Mail from the FCC
C. Email from the lead volunteer examiner
D. USPS First-Class Mail from the lead volunteer examiner
Why: Per §97.23, the FCC communicates with licensees by email. After your exam is processed, the FCC emails you a link to download your official license grant; it no longer mails paper licenses.
T1A05 · [97.7]
What proves that the FCC has issued an operator/primary license grant?
A. A printed copy of the certificate of successful completion of examination
B. An email notification from the NCVEC granting the license
C. The license appears in the FCC ULS database ✓
D. All these choices are correct
Why: Per §97.7, your license grant exists once it is posted in the FCC's Universal Licensing System (ULS) database. A CSCE from the exam session or a notice from a coordinator is not the license itself.
T1A06 · [97.203(d)]
On which of the following HF frequencies can automatically controlled amateur propagation beacons be found?
A. Anywhere in the Technician portion of 10 meters
B. Anywhere, if they are registered with the FCC
C. In a specific portion of each of the HF Technician bands
D. On ten meters, between 28.200 MHz and 28.300 MHz ✓
Why: Per §97.203(d), automatically controlled beacons on 10 meters are limited to 28.200 to 28.300 MHz. Hams listen there to check whether the band is open to distant locations.
T1A07 · [97.3(a)(41)]
What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station?
A. Any satellite orbiting Earth
B. A manned satellite orbiting Earth
C. An amateur station located more than 50 km above Earth's surface ✓
D. An amateur station using amateur radio satellites for relay of signals
Why: Per §97.3(a)(41), a space station is an amateur station more than 50 km above Earth's surface. Being a satellite or manned is not the test; altitude is. A ground station using a satellite is an Earth station, not a space station.
T1A08 · [97.3(a)(22)]
Who recommends transmit/receive channels for repeater and auxiliary stations?
A. A Frequency Spectrum Manager appointed by the FCC
B. A Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs ✓
C. An FCC Regional Field Office
D. The International Telecommunication Union
Why: Per §97.3(a)(22), a frequency coordinator is an individual or group recognized by local or regional amateurs to recommend repeater and auxiliary channels. It is a volunteer process, not run by the FCC or ITU.
T1A09 · [97.3(a)(22)]
Who selects a Frequency Coordinator?
A. The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy
B. The local chapter of the Office of National Council of Independent Frequency Coordinators
C. Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations ✓
D. The FCC Regional Field Office
Why: Per §97.3(a)(22), the coordinator is selected by local or regional amateurs whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations. The FCC does not appoint frequency coordinators.
T1A10 · [97.407(a)]
Besides an FCC-issued amateur operator license, what is required to be the control operator of a Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) Station?
A. A written recommendation by the local ARRL Emergency Coordinator
B. Membership in the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)
C. Certification of current enrollment by a civil defense organization ✓
D. Nothing
Why: Per §97.407(a), a RACES station control operator must hold an amateur license and be certified as enrolled in a civil defense organization. ARES membership or an ARRL recommendation does not meet this requirement.
T1A11 · [97.101(d)]
Which of the following is prohibited?
A. International communications on VHF bands and higher frequencies
B. Willful or malicious interference ✓
C. Third-party traffic using digital modes
D. All these choices are correct
Why: Per §97.101(d), no amateur may willfully or maliciously interfere with or cause interference to any radio communication or signal. International VHF contacts and digital third-party traffic are allowed.
T1B01 · [97.301(e)]
Which of the following frequency ranges are available for phone operation by Technician licensees?
A. 28.050 MHz to 28.150 MHz
B. 28.100 MHz to 28.300 MHz
C. 28.300 MHz to 28.500 MHz ✓
D. 28.500 MHz to 28.600 MHz
Why: Per §97.301(e), Technicians may use phone (voice) on 10 meters only from 28.300 to 28.500 MHz. The lower part of the Technician 10-meter segment, 28.000 to 28.300 MHz, is for CW, RTTY and data.
T1B02 · [97.301, 97.207(c)]
Which of the following U.S. amateur radio operators are allowed to contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands?
A. Only amateurs with a General class or higher license
B. Any amateur with a Technician class or higher license ✓
C. Only amateurs with a General class or higher license, and NASA approval
D. Any amateurs with a Technician class or higher license, and NASA approval
Why: Per §97.301 and §97.207(c), any Technician or higher licensee may contact the ISS on its VHF/UHF amateur frequencies. No General license or NASA approval is needed, because Technicians have full privileges on those bands.
T1B03 · [97.301(a)]
Which frequency is in the 6-meter amateur band?
A. 49.00 MHz
B. 52.525 MHz ✓
C. 28.50 MHz
D. 222.15 MHz
Why: The 6-meter band runs from 50 to 54 MHz, so 52.525 MHz (a popular FM simplex frequency) falls inside it. 49.00 MHz is below the band, 28.50 MHz is in 10 meters, and 222.15 MHz is in 1.25 meters.
T1B04 · [97.301(a)]
Which amateur band includes 146.52 MHz?
A. 6 meters
B. 20 meters
C. 70 centimeters
D. 2 meters ✓
Why: The 2-meter band covers 144 to 148 MHz, so 146.52 MHz, the national FM simplex calling frequency, is in it. Wavelength check: 300 / 146.52 MHz is about 2 meters.
T1B05 · [97.301, 97.305]
Which of the following bands include frequencies where Technicians are authorized to use digital modes such as FT8?
A. 10 meters
B. 6 meters
C. 2 meters
D. All these choices are correct ✓
Why: Technicians may use digital (data) modes such as FT8 on parts of 10 meters (28.0 to 28.3 MHz) and throughout 6 and 2 meters, where they have full privileges. So all three bands qualify.
T1B06 · [97.301(e), 97.305]
On which HF bands does a Technician class operator have phone privileges?
A. None
B. 10-meter band only ✓
C. 80-meter, 40-meter, 15-meter, and 10-meter bands
D. 30-meter band only
Why: Per §97.301(e), the only HF band where Technicians have phone privileges is 10 meters (28.300 to 28.500 MHz). Their other HF privileges on 80, 40 and 15 meters are CW only.
T1B07 · [97.305(a), (c)]
Which of the following VHF/UHF band segments are limited to CW only?
A. 50.0 MHz to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 MHz to 144.1 MHz ✓
B. 219 MHz to 220 MHz and 420.0 MHz to 420.1 MHz
C. 902.0 MHz to 902.1 MHz
D. All these choices are correct
Why: Per §97.305(a) and (c), the bottom 100 kHz of 6 meters (50.0 to 50.1 MHz) and 2 meters (144.0 to 144.1 MHz) are reserved for CW only. Other band segments allow additional modes.
T1B08 · [97.303]
How are US amateurs restricted in segments of bands where the Amateur Radio Service is secondary?
A. U.S. amateurs may find non-amateur stations in those segments, and must avoid interfering with them ✓
B. U.S. amateurs must give foreign amateur stations priority in those segments
C. International communications are not permitted in those segments
D. Digital transmissions are not permitted in those segments
Why: Per §97.303, where amateurs are a secondary service, the primary users (such as government radar) have priority. Amateurs may hear those stations and must not cause harmful interference to them.
T1B09 · [97.101(a), 97.301(a-e)]
Why should you not set your transmit frequency to be exactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band?
A. To allow for calibration error in the transmitter frequency display
B. So that modulation sidebands do not extend beyond the band edge
C. To allow for transmitter frequency drift
D. All these choices are correct ✓
Why: Transmitting right at a band edge risks going out of band. Your frequency display may be slightly off, the transmitter can drift, and modulation sidebands extend beyond the carrier frequency. All of these apply.
T1B10 · [97.305(c)]
Where may SSB phone be used in amateur bands above 50 MHz?
A. Only in sub-bands allocated to General class or higher licensees
B. Only on repeaters
C. In at least some segment of all these bands ✓
D. On any band if the power is limited to 25 watts
Why: Per §97.305(c), SSB phone is permitted in at least some segment of every amateur band above 50 MHz. It is not restricted to repeaters, General licensees, or a power limit.
T1B11 · [97.313]
What is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators in their HF band segments?
A. 200 watts ✓
B. 100 watts
C. 50 watts
D. 10 watts
Why: Per §97.313, Technicians are limited to 200 watts peak envelope power (PEP) output in their HF segments on 80, 40, 15 and 10 meters.
T1B12 · [97.313(b)]
Except for some specific restrictions, what is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using frequencies above 30 MHz?
A. 50 watts
B. 100 watts
C. 500 watts
D. 1500 watts ✓
Why: Per §97.313(b), above 30 MHz Technicians have the same 1500 watt PEP output limit as other classes, apart from specific restrictions in certain band segments. You should still use the minimum power necessary.
T1C01 · [97.9(a), 97.17(a)]
For which classes of amateur radio licenses does the FCC currently issue new licenses?
A. Novice, Technician, General, Amateur Extra
B. Technician, Technician Plus, General, Amateur Extra
C. Novice, Technician Plus, General, Advanced
D. Technician, General, Amateur Extra ✓
Why: Per §97.9(a) and §97.17(a), the FCC currently issues new licenses only for Technician, General and Amateur Extra. Older classes such as Novice and Advanced are no longer issued to new licensees, though existing ones may be renewed.
T1C02 · [97.19]
Who may select a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules?
A. Only a licensed amateur with a General or Amateur Extra Class license
B. Only a licensed amateur with an Amateur Extra Class license
C. Only a licensed amateur who has been licensed continuously for more than 10 years
D. Any licensed amateur ✓
Why: Per §97.19, any licensed amateur may apply for a vanity call sign. However, the call sign formats available to you depend on your license class; for example, short 1x2 calls are only for Amateur Extra.
T1C03 · [97.117]
What types of international communications are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations permitted to make?
A. Communications incidental to the purposes of the Amateur Radio Service and remarks of a personal character ✓
B. Communications incidental to conducting business or remarks of a personal nature
C. Only communications incidental to contest exchanges; all other communications are prohibited
D. Any communications that would be permitted by an international broadcast station
Why: Per §97.117, international amateur communications must be incidental to the purposes of the amateur service and remarks of a personal character. Business communications are not allowed.
T1C04 · [97.23]
What may happen if the FCC is unable to reach you by email?
A. Fine and suspension of operator license
B. Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license ✓
C. Revocation of access to the license record in the FCC system
D. Nothing; there is no such requirement
Why: Per §97.23, licensees must keep a current email address on file with the FCC. If the FCC cannot reach you by email, your license can be revoked or suspended.
T1C05
Which of the following is a valid Group D call sign format for Technician class?
A. KF1XXX ✓
B. KA1X
C. W1XX
D. All these choices are correct
Why: Technician class licensees may receive Group D call signs, which have a 2-by-3 format: two letters, a digit, then three letters, like KF1XXX. KA1X (2x1) and W1XX (1x2) are Group A formats reserved for Amateur Extra licensees.
T1C06 · [97.5(a)(2), 97.11(a)]
Which of the following statements is true about using your amateur radio license when operating aboard a vessel or craft in international waters?
A. Amateur operation is prohibited in international waters
B. You may only operate during maritime emergencies
C. You need special FCC authorization for maritime mobile operation
D. You may operate from a US-documented vessel with the master's permission ✓
Why: Per §97.5(a)(2) and §97.11(a), you may operate from a vessel documented or registered in the US, in international waters, with the permission of the vessel's master. No special maritime authorization is needed.
T1C07 · [97.21, 1.949]
How long before the expiration date may an amateur radio license renewal be requested?
A. 30 days
B. 90 days ✓
C. 6 months
D. 1 year
Why: Per §97.21 and §1.949, a license renewal may be filed up to 90 days before the license expires. Applying earlier than that is not accepted.
T1C08 · [97.25]
What is the normal term for an FCC-issued amateur radio license?
A. Five years
B. Eight years
C. Ten years ✓
D. Life
Why: Per §97.25, a new or renewed amateur license normally has a ten-year term. It must then be renewed; licenses are not issued for life.
T1C09 · [97.21(a)(b)]
What is the grace period for renewal if an amateur license expires?
A. Two years ✓
B. Three years
C. Five years
D. Ten years
Why: Per §97.21, you have a two-year grace period after expiration to renew your license without retesting. After that, you would need to pass the exam again.
T1C10 · [97.5a]
How soon after passing the examination for your first amateur radio license may you transmit on the amateur radio bands?
A. Immediately on receiving your Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE)
B. As soon as your operator/station license grant appears on the ARRL website
C. As soon as your operator/station license grant appears in the FCC’s license database ✓
D. As soon as you receive your license in the mail from the FCC
Why: Per §97.5(a), you need a license grant before transmitting, and it exists once it appears in the FCC's ULS database. The CSCE only shows you passed the exam; it does not authorize a new licensee to transmit.
T1C11 · [97.21(b)]
If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to transmit on the amateur radio bands?
A. Yes, for up to two years
B. Yes, as soon as you apply for renewal
C. Yes, for up to one year
D. No, you must wait until the license has been renewed ✓
Why: Per §97.21(b), during the two-year grace period you may renew without retesting, but you have no operating privileges. You must wait until the renewal is granted before transmitting.
T1D01 · [97.111(a)(1)]
With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations prohibited from exchanging communications?
A. Any country whose administration has notified the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that it objects to such communications ✓
B. Any country whose administration has notified the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) that it objects to such communications
C. Any country banned from such communications by the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU)
D. Any country banned from making such communications by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL)
Why: Per §97.111(a)(1), FCC-licensed hams may not communicate with stations in any country whose government has notified the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that it objects. The ARRL and IARU are not authorities for this.
T1D02 · [97.113(b), 97.111(b)]
Under which of the following circumstances are one-way transmissions by an amateur station prohibited?
A. Announcements of upcoming ham radio operating events
B. Broadcasting ✓
C. International Morse Code Practice
D. Telecommand or transmissions of telemetry
Why: Per §97.113(b), amateur stations may not engage in broadcasting, meaning transmissions intended for the general public. Some one-way transmissions, such as Morse code practice, telecommand and telemetry, are allowed.
T1D03 · [97.211(b), 97.215(b), 97.113(a)(4)]
When is it permissible to transmit messages encoded to obscure their meaning?
A. Only when using a remote station during a contest
B. Only when transmitting certain approved digital codes
C. Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or model craft ✓
D. Never
Why: Per §97.211(b) and §97.215(b), control commands to space stations and to model craft may be encoded so they cannot be misused. Otherwise, §97.113(a)(4) prohibits messages encoded to obscure their meaning.
T1D04 · [97.113(a)(4), 97.113(c)]
Under what conditions is an amateur station authorized to transmit music using a phone emission?
A. When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications ✓
B. When the music produces no spurious emissions
C. When transmissions are limited to less than three minutes per hour
D. When the music is transmitted above 1280 MHz
Why: Per §97.113(a)(4) and (c), music is generally prohibited, but it is allowed when incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft (such as NASA) communications.
T1D05 · [97.113(a)(3)(ii)]
When may amateur radio operators use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade?
A. Never
B. When the equipment is not the personal property of either the station licensee, or the control operator, or their close relatives
C. When no profit is made on the sale
D. When selling amateur radio equipment and not on a regular basis ✓
Why: Per §97.113(a)(3)(ii), you may announce amateur radio equipment for sale or trade, provided it is not done on a regular basis (not running a business over the air).
T1D06 · [97.113(a)(4)]
What, if any, are the restrictions concerning transmission of language that may be considered indecent or obscene?
A. The FCC maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies
B. Any such language is prohibited ✓
C. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies
D. There is no such prohibition
Why: Per §97.113(a)(4), obscene or indecent words or language are prohibited on amateur frequencies. There is no official word list; the prohibition applies to any such language.
T1D07 · [97.113(d), 97.201(e)]
Which of the following is an example of an auxiliary station?
A. A station sending one-way transmissions between a remote repeater receiver and the main repeater transmitter ✓
B. A backup radio for emergency use in case the main station radio fails
C. A station used in the Military Auxiliary Radio System for linking government and amateur stations in a digital network
D. A second station utilized in multi-operator contest stations
Why: An auxiliary station handles point-to-point communications within a system of amateur stations, such as a link carrying audio from a remote repeater receiver to the main repeater transmitter. A backup radio or contest station is not an auxiliary station.
T1D08 · [97.113(a)(3)(iii)]
In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating that station?
A. When the communication is related to the sale of amateur equipment by the control operator's employer
B. When the communication is a part of classroom instruction at an educational institution ✓
C. When the communication is made to obtain emergency information for a local broadcast station
D. All these choices are correct
Why: Per §97.113(a)(3)(iii), a control operator who is a teacher may be paid when the station is used as part of classroom instruction at an educational institution. Communications for an employer's business or for broadcasters are not permitted.
T1D09 · [97.113(5)(b)]
When may amateur stations transmit information in support of broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available?
A. When such communications are directly related to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property ✓
B. When broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle
C. Where non-commercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network
D. Never
Why: Per §97.113, amateurs may not gather news for broadcasting except for communications directly related to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property, when no other means of communication is reasonably available.
T1D10 · [97.3(a)(10)]
How does the FCC define broadcasting for the Amateur Radio Service?
A. Two-way transmissions by amateur stations
B. Any transmission made by the licensed station
C. Transmission of messages directed only to amateur operators
D. Transmissions intended for reception by the general public ✓
Why: Per §97.3(a)(10), broadcasting means transmissions intended for reception by the general public, either directly or relayed. Amateur radio is for communication between amateurs, which is why broadcasting is prohibited.
T1D11 · [97.215]
When may an amateur station transmit without identifying on the air?
A. When the transmissions are of a brief nature to make station adjustments
B. When the transmissions are unmodulated
C. When the transmitted power level is below 0.1 watt
D. When transmitting signals to control model craft ✓
Why: Per §97.215, a station transmitting signals to control a model craft does not need to identify on the air. Test transmissions, low power, or unmodulated signals still require identification.
T1D12 · [97.119(a)]
Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions?
A. Identify the transmitting station ✓
B. Conduct tests only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. local time
C. Notify the FCC of the transmissions
D. All these choices are correct
Why: Per §97.119(a), every amateur transmission, including on-the-air tests, must be identified with the station's call sign. There is no time-of-day limit or FCC notification requirement for testing.
T1E01 · [97.7(a)]
When may an amateur station transmit without a control operator?
A. When using automatic control, such as in the case of a repeater
B. When the station licensee is away and another licensed amateur is using the station
C. When the transmitting station is an auxiliary station
D. Never ✓
Why: Per §97.7(a), every amateur station transmitting must have a control operator. Even under automatic control, such as a repeater, a control operator is responsible for the station, so 'never' is correct.
T1E02 · [97.301, 97.207(c)]
Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station?
A. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator
B. A General class or higher licensee with a satellite operator certification
C. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member
D. Any amateur allowed to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency ✓
Why: Satellite communication needs no special class or certification. Any amateur whose license allows transmitting on the satellite's uplink frequency may be the control operator, which includes Technicians on VHF/UHF.
T1E03 · [97.103(b)]
Who must designate the station control operator?
A. The station licensee ✓
B. The FCC
C. The frequency coordinator
D. Any licensed operator
Why: Per §97.103(b), the station licensee designates who the station control operator is. The FCC and frequency coordinators do not make this choice.
T1E04 · [97.103(b)]
What determines the transmitting frequency privileges of an amateur station?
A. The frequency authorized by the frequency coordinator
B. The frequencies printed on the license grant
C. The highest class of operator license held by anyone on the premises
D. The class of operator license held by the control operator ✓
Why: Per §97.103(b), a station may only transmit on frequencies allowed by the license class of the control operator. The license grant itself does not list frequencies.
T1E05 · [97.3(a)(14)]
What is an amateur station’s control point?
A. The location of the station’s transmitting antenna
B. The location of the station’s transmitting apparatus
C. The location at which the control operator function is performed ✓
D. The mailing address of the station licensee
Why: Per §97.3(a)(14), the control point is where the control operator function is performed, meaning where the operator controls transmissions. It need not be where the transmitter or antenna is located.
T1E06 · [97.301]
When, other than during an emergency, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an Amateur Extra Class band segment?
A. At no time ✓
B. When designated as the control operator by an Amateur Extra Class licensee
C. As part of a multi-operator contest team
D. When using a club station whose trustee holds an Amateur Extra Class license
Why: Per §97.301, a Technician may never be control operator on Amateur Extra-only frequencies outside an emergency. Privileges come from the control operator's own license, not from the licensee or club trustee.
T1E07 · [97.103(a)]
When the control operator is not the station licensee, who is responsible for the proper operation of the station?
A. All licensed amateurs who are present at the operation
B. Only the station licensee
C. Only the control operator
D. The control operator and the station licensee ✓
Why: Per §97.103(a), both the station licensee and the control operator are responsible for proper operation when they are different people. The licensee cannot hand off responsibility entirely.
T1E08 · [97.3(a)(6), 97.205(d)]
Which of the following is an example of automatic control?
A. Repeater operation ✓
B. Controlling a station over the internet
C. Using a computer or other device to send CW automatically
D. Using a computer or other device to identify automatically
Why: Per §97.3(a)(6) and §97.205(d), automatic control means the station operates without the control operator at the control point, as repeaters commonly do. Remote control over the internet still involves an operator at a control point.
T1E09 · [97.109(c)]
Which amateur stations may be remotely controlled?
A. Only repeater stations
B. Only automatically controlled stations
C. Only digital stations
D. Any station ✓
Why: Per §97.109(c), any amateur station may be remotely controlled, as long as a control operator at the control point can make the station's transmissions comply with the rules.
T1E10 · [97.3(a)(39)]
Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97?
A. A software defined radio (SDR)
B. Operating the station over the internet ✓
C. Controlling a model aircraft, boat, or car by amateur radio
D. Earth-Moon-Earth (EME) communication
Why: Per §97.3(a)(39), remote control is when the control operator is not at the station location but controls it indirectly through a link. Operating your station over the internet is a common example.
T1E11 · [97.3(a)(13)]
What is a control operator as defined in Part 97?
A. The person speaking or otherwise communicating messages over an amateur station
B. The person who is the licensee of an amateur station
C. An amateur operator identified in the FCC database as responsible for transmissions and FCC rules compliance at a station license location
D. An amateur operator designated by the licensee of a station to be responsible for transmissions and FCC rules compliance at that station ✓
Why: Per §97.3(a)(13), a control operator is the amateur designated by the station licensee to be responsible for transmissions and rules compliance. The person speaking may not be the control operator, for example during third-party traffic.
T1F01 · [97.103(c)]
When must the station licensee make the station and the station records available for inspection?
A. At any time ten days after notification by the FCC of such an inspection
B. At any time upon request by an FCC representative ✓
C. At any time after a written notification by the FCC of such inspection
D. Only when presented with a valid warrant by an FCC official or government agent
Why: Per §97.103(c), the station licensee must make the station and its records available for inspection upon request by an FCC representative. No advance written notice or warrant is required.
T1F02 · [97.119(a)]
How often must you identify with your FCC-assigned call sign when using tactical call signs such as “Race Headquarters”?
A. Never, the tactical call is sufficient
B. Once every hour
C. At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication ✓
D. At the end of every transmission
Why: Per §97.119(a), tactical call signs like 'Race Headquarters' are fine for clarity, but you must still give your FCC call sign at least every 10 minutes and at the end of the communication.
T1F03 · [97.119(a)]
When are you required to transmit your assigned call sign?
A. At the beginning of each contact, and every 10 minutes thereafter
B. At least once during each transmission
C. At least every 15 minutes during and at the end of a communication
D. At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication ✓
Why: Per §97.119(a), you must transmit your call sign at least every 10 minutes during a communication and at the end. You do not need to identify at the start or on every transmission.
T1F04 · [97.119(b)(2)]
What language must you use for identification when using a phone emission?
A. Any language recognized by the United Nations
B. Any language recognized by the ITU
C. English ✓
D. English, French, or Spanish
Why: Per §97.119(b)(2), when identifying by phone (voice), you must use English. The rest of the conversation may be in any language.
T1F05 · [97.119(b)(2)]
What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals?
A. Send the call sign followed by the indicator RPT
B. Send the call sign using a CW or phone emission ✓
C. Send the call sign followed by the indicator R
D. Send the call sign using only a phone emission
Why: Per §97.119(b)(2), a station transmitting phone may identify with either a phone (voice) emission or a CW (Morse) emission. Many repeaters identify automatically in CW.
T1F06 · [97.119(c)]
Which of the following self-assigned indicators are acceptable when using a phone transmission?
A. KL7CC stroke W3
B. KL7CC slant W3
C. KL7CC slash W3
D. All these choices are correct ✓
Why: Per §97.119(c), a self-assigned indicator may be separated from your call sign with words like stroke, slant or slash when using phone. All three examples are acceptable.
T1F07 · [97.115(a)(2)]
Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person speaks to a foreign amateur radio station via a station under the control of an FCC-licensed amateur radio operator?
A. The person must be a U.S. citizen
B. The foreign station must be in a country with which the U.S. has a third-party agreement ✓
C. The licensed control operator must do the station identification
D. All these choices are correct
Why: Per §97.115(a)(2), an unlicensed third party may talk to a foreign station only if the US has a third-party agreement with that country. The person need not be a US citizen, and identification is still the station's job.
T1F08 · [97.3(a)(47)]
What is the definition of third-party communications?
A. A message from a control operator to another amateur station control operator on behalf of another person ✓
B. Amateur radio communications where three stations are in communications with one another
C. Operation when the transmitting equipment is licensed to a person other than the control operator
D. Temporary authorization for an unlicensed person to transmit on the amateur bands for technical experiments
Why: Per §97.3(a)(47), third-party communications are messages from one station's control operator to another amateur station's control operator on behalf of another person, the third party.
T1F09 · [97.3(a)(40)]
What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels?
A. Beacon station
B. Remote control station
C. Repeater station ✓
D. Message forwarding station
Why: Per §97.3(a)(40), a repeater receives a signal and simultaneously retransmits it on a different channel, typically from a hilltop or tower, extending the range of mobile and handheld stations.
T1F10 · [97.205(g)]
Who is accountable if a repeater inadvertently retransmits communications that violate the FCC rules?
A. The control operator of the originating station ✓
B. The control operator of the repeater
C. The owner of the repeater
D. Both the originating station and the repeater owner
Why: Per §97.205(g), the control operator of a repeater is not held accountable if it inadvertently retransmits rule-violating communications. The control operator of the originating station is responsible.
T1F11 · [97.5(b)(2)]
Which of the following is a requirement for the issuance of a club station license grant?
A. The trustee must have an Amateur Extra Class operator license grant
B. The club must have at least four members ✓
C. The club must be registered with the American Radio Relay League (ARRL)
D. All these choices are correct
Why: Per §97.5(b)(2), a club station license requires a club with at least four members, a name, a document of organization, and a management structure. The trustee need not be an Extra, and ARRL registration is not required.