What the FCC General Radiotelephone Operator License (GROL) exam covers: Element 1, Element 3 and the Element 8 radar endorsement, with pass marks and a study plan.
Passing Element 1 (Basic Radio Law and Operating Practice) and Element 3 (General Radiotelephone).
The Ship RADAR Endorsement, an optional extra exam on radar techniques.
Element 1: 24 questions, 18 to pass. Element 3: 100 questions, 75 to pass. Element 8: 50 questions, 38 to pass.
Element 1 has 144 questions, Element 3 has 600 and Element 8 has 300.
Allow about two weeks: Element 1 first (short), then Element 3 a few subelements a day, then Element 8 if you want the radar endorsement.
The free Android app FCC GROL Exam Prep has every question in the pool with practice exams and a readiness score. For a printable version, the GROL Study Guide (PDF) lists every question with only the correct answer.